What are the types of fuel oil?
Hello friends! Have you ever been confused at the gas station by the sheer number of fuel options? Or perhaps you're curious about the difference between gasoline, diesel, and even aviation fuel? Don't worry, this article will explain it all. types of fuel oil complete and easy to understand!
What is Fuel Oil?
Fuel oil (BBM) is a product of petroleum processing that has been specially refined to become an energy source. This processing takes place in oil refineries through various stages such as distillation, cracking, and reforming.
Fuel can be said to be the lifeblood of modern civilization – from the vehicles we use every day, airplanes, ships, to power plants, everything needs fuel to operate.
Classification of Fuel Oil
Based on its specific gravity, fuel is divided into three main categories:
| Category | Boiling Range (°C) | Product Sample | Main Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light | 30-200 | Gasoline, Naphtha | Light vehicles, raw petrochemical materials. |
| Middle | 150-350 | Kerosene, Solar | Plane, diesel vehicle, heating |
| Heavy | >350 | Fuel Oil, Aspal | Ships, industries, construction roads |
Complete Types of Fuel Oil
1. Gasoline
Gas is the fuel king for light vehicles! Her flammable and flammable character made her ideal for the gasoline machine.
Gasoline Type in Indonesia:
| Brand | RON | Price (Rp / liter) | Character |
|---|---|---|---|
| Premium | 88 | 6.800 | Industrial, suitable for an old bike |
| Pertalite | 90 | 7.650 | Most popular, environmentally friendly. |
| Pertamax | 92 | 9.850 | Better performance, finer machine |
| Turbo Pertamax | 98 | 12.400 | Premium, for sports car / luxury |
Fun Fact: The number of RON (Research Octane Number) shows a gasoline resistance to knocking or snitching. The higher the RON, the better the performance!
2. Solar/Diesel
Solar or diesel fuel is more fuel than gasoline. It's perfect for vehicles that need big torque like trucks, buses, and boats.
Diesel's excellence:
- More fuel efficiency (30-40% more irit)
- Bigger torque in low rounds
- Low CO2 emissions per kilometer
- More durable
Solar type in Indonesia:
- Solar Regular (CN 45) - To standard commercial vehicles.
- Declite (CN 51) - Better quality, eco-friendly
- Pertamina Dex (CN 53) - Premium diesel with special additive
3. Kerosene
Kerosene used to be a prima donna for cooking and lighting. Its use has now been reduced drastically due to conversion program to LPG.
Kerosene Specification:
| Parameter | Standard | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Flash Point | Min. 38 ° C | Minimum flash point |
| Smoke Point | Min. 18 mm | Defense of soot |
| Sulfur Content | Max. 0.25%. | # Brimstone # |
| Density | 0.775-0.840 g / cm © | Heavy |
4. Avtur (Aviation Turbine Fuel)
Here comes the fuel that makes planes fly! Avtur has super strict specs because it has to work in extreme conditions.
Avtur type:
- A jet - International Standard, freezing point -40 ° C
- Jet A-1 - Colder, freezing point -47 ° C
- Jet B - Wide- cut fuel, rarely used
Why is Avtur different?
- Must remain liquid at 10,000 + meter
- No freezing at -50 ° C
- Minimum water content (max. 30 ppm)
- Antistatic for security
5. Fuel Oil
Fuel oil is the heavy fuel used for big industries, power plants, and ships.
Fuel Oil Classification:
| Glade | Viscosity | Usage | Character |
|---|---|---|---|
| Light Fuel Oil | 2-6 cSt | Small boiler, generator | Burned easy |
| Medium Fuel Oil | 15-50 cSt | Medium industry | Need mild preheating |
| Heavy Fuel Oil | 180-700 cSt | Big ship, PLTU | Need a high warm-up |
6. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
Although it's called "gas," the LPG is in the family of oil products. Its high pressure liquid shape makes storage and transportation easier.
LPG Composition:
- Propane (C DESH): 60-70%
- butane (C FOR H): 30-40%
- Other hydrocarbons:
7. Naphtha
Naphtha is the main raw ingredient of the petrochemical industry. This naphtha is made of plastic, synthetic rubber, and other chemical products.
8. Lubricants
Engine oil, oil gear, and a variety of other lubricant also include a very important product of keeping the engine going.
The Importance of Fuel Quality
Fuel quality is like food for machines - if it's ugly, it hurts! Low quality fuel could cause:
- Fast engine dirty and broken
- Expensive fuel consumption
- Gas emissions are high.
- Performa is falling rapidly
- Main cost of swell
Don't Underestimate Quality Control!
For companies or industries that depend on fuel, quality analysis is mandatory! Just imagine if the fuel oil used at the power plant turns out to be bad quality - could block a city!
So, if your business needs to know the quality of fuel, don't try anything different. PT. Hidea Inti Daya present as a comprehensive petroleum & gas testing lab with over 20 years experience in multinational companies. Their founders and experts have had over 20 years of experience in fuel oil analysis using complete ASTM standards.
Quality Parameters to Pay Attention to
Here are the main parameters in the fuel oil analysis based on the standard ASTM International used by PT Power Hidea:
| Parameter Test | ASTM Method | Application | Analysis Destination |
|---|---|---|---|
| System | D86 | Gasoline, Kerosene | Specify vapor characteristics |
| Flash Point | D93 | Fuel Oil, Diesel | Security handling and storage |
| Pour Point | D97 | Fuel Oil, Lubricans | Align properties at low temperature |
| Copper Strip Corrosion | D130 | Gasoline, Jet Fuel | Corrosive to copper |
| Color | D1500 | Fuel Oil, Lubricans | Visual quality and contamination |
| Conradson Carbon Regidue | D2500 | Heavy Fuel Oil | Carbon formation tendencies |
| Water & Sediment | D2709 | Fuel Oil | Contamination water and particles |
| Gravity Density / API | D4052 | All BBMs | Basic physical characteristic |
| Heating Value (Gross) | D4176 | Fuel Oil | The Taylor value for burning |
| Sulfur Content | D4294 / D5453 | All BBMs | Environmental impact and corrosion |
| Viscosity | D4737 | Fuel Oil, Lubricans | Alise nature and pompability |
| Metals Content | D5185 | Fuel Oil | Dangerous metal contamination |
| Ash Content | D5949 | Fuel Oil | Burning residue |
| Arotics Content | D6079 | Gasoline, Diesel | Hydrocarbon composition |
| Cloud Point | D6469 | Diesel, Biodiesel | The formation of crystal wax |
| Total Acid Number | D7111 | Fuel Oil, Lubricans | The acidity level |
The Latest Innovation in the World of Fuel
Biofuels – A Green Future
Indonesia is developing biofuel, especially:
- Biodiesel (B20, B30) - Solars mixed with palm oil.
- Bioethanol - From cane, cassava,
- Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) - Avtur's eco-friendly.
Synthetic Fuel – Energy Revolution
Synthetic fuels made from CO and hydrogen using renewable energy. This technology could be a game-changer for the transportation industry!
Tips for Choosing the Right Fuel
For Private Vehicles:
- Manual check - Use RON as per the manufacturer's recommendation
- Consider the budget - Pertalite is enough for most motorcycles.
- Don't be so cheap - Low quality fuel is wasteful
For Industry:
- Do a routine analysis - Make sure spec is on demand.
- Select trusted suppliers - Don't be cheap.
- Monitoring consistent - Track performance and consumption
Environmental Impact and Regulation
The Indonesian government continues to tighten the standard emissions and quality of BBM:
Euro 4 Roadmap:
- 2021: Jakarta and the surrounding
- 2022: _
- 2024: All of Indonesia
Program B30:
Target mixed 30% biodiesel in solar to reduce import and emissions.
FAQ - Questions asked
Can I mix different RON gasoline?
I'd love to, but it's an average RON. It's better to be consistent with one kind.
Why do fuel prices vary at each gas station?
Private gas stations are free to determine the price, while Pertamina follows the cost of a government economy.
Is the fuel expired?
Gas can last 3-6 months, diesel can take up to a year if you keep it right.
Conclusion
Well, it turns out that the oil fuel world is a big one! From the gasoline we use all day, to the avtur that allows the plane to fly overseas. Each type of BBM has specific characteristics and uses.
The important thing is always to ensure the quality of the fuel we use. Whether it's for personal vehicles or industrial needs, investing in fuel quality is worth it. Instead the machine breaks down and the repair costs even more!
Need Professional Fuel Oil Analysis?
For those who are dabbling in the industry or having businesses that depend on the same quality of fuel, don't mess with quality control. PT. Hidea Inti Daya With the motto "High Idoas" ready to give you the best test solution:
- Standard ASTM International Complete - D86, D93, D130, D130, D1500, D2500, D2709, D4052, D4176
- 20-Year-Experience Team - Founder and Team with background multinational companies
- Comprehensive Testing - Fuel quality evaluation
- Petroleum & Gas labs - natural specialization of gas, LNG, LPG, cruise oil, and lubricating oil
- Research & Development Based - innovative solutions from internal research results
Call us now for more seconds on services. Fuel Oil Analysis.
